Apparatus, method of manufacturing display apparatus, and protective film

ABSTRACT

An apparatus includes a substrate; a display panel on the substrate; and a protective film protecting one of the substrate and the display panel, wherein the protective film includes a first protective film and a second protective film, wherein the first protective film is disposed closer to the display panel than the second protective film, and wherein the first protective film includes a polymerizable compound having an adhesive strength that changes with energy irradiated onto the polymerizable compound.

This application claims the benefit of the Korean Patent Application No.10-2017-0082056, filed on Jun. 28, 2017, which is hereby incorporated byreference as if fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus and a method ofmanufacturing the display apparatus, and more particularly, to a displayapparatus including a protective film.

Discussion of the Related Art

Recently, as society advances to the information-oriented society, thefield of display devices for visually expressing an electricalinformation signal has rapidly advanced. Various display devices, havingexcellent characteristics in terms of thin profile, light weight, andlow power consumption, are being developed.

Examples of the display devices include liquid crystal display (LCD)devices, field emission display (FED) devices, organic light emittingdisplay (OLED) devices, etc. The organic light emitting display devices,which are self-emitting devices, have a fast response time, highemission efficiency, excellent luminance, and a wide viewing angle incomparison with other display devices, and thus, are being widelydeveloped.

Moreover, when an organic light emitting display device or an LCD deviceis applied to electronic devices, such as portable phones, a touch panelmay be applied to an organic light emitting display panel or a liquidcrystal panel. When the touch panel is attached to the organic lightemitting display panel or the liquid crystal panel using an adhesive, aprotective film for protecting the organic light emitting display panelor the liquid crystal panel is removed, and then, the touch panel isattached on the organic light emitting display panel or the liquidcrystal panel. However, the protective film for protecting the organiclight emitting display panel or the liquid crystal panel is not easilyseparated from the organic light emitting display panel or the liquidcrystal panel. For this reason, the organic light emitting display panelor the liquid crystal panel may be damaged.

SUMMARY

Therefore, the inventors have recognized the above-described problemsand have conducted various experiments for decreasing an adhesiveness oran adhesive strength of a protective film which should be separated froman organic light emitting display panel or a liquid crystal panel undera condition of reducing an influence of the organic light emittingdisplay panel or the liquid crystal panel, in a process of removing aprotective film which protects the organic light emitting display panelor the liquid crystal panel.

Through the various experiments, the inventors have invented aprotective film having an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength that canbe reduced.

Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to adisplay apparatus and a method of manufacturing the display apparatusincluding a protective film that substantially obviate one or moreproblems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.

An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display apparatusand a method of manufacturing the display apparatus, in which anadhesiveness or an adhesive strength of a protective film can vary orchange.

The objects of the present disclosure are not limited to the aforesaid,but other objects not described herein will be clearly understood bythose skilled in the art from descriptions below.

Additional features and aspects will be set forth in the descriptionthat follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or maybe learned by practice of the inventive concepts provided herein. Otherfeatures and aspects of the inventive concepts may be realized andattained by the structure particularly pointed out in the writtendescription, or derivable therefrom, and the claims hereof as well asthe appended drawings.

To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purposeof the disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, a displayapparatus comprises a substrate; a display panel on the substrate; and aprotective film protecting one of the substrate and the display panel,wherein the protective film includes a first protective film and asecond protective film, wherein the first protective film is disposedcloser to the display panel than the second protective film, and whereinthe first protective film includes a polymerizable compound having anadhesive strength that changes with energy irradiated onto thepolymerizable compound.

In another aspect, a method of manufacturing a display apparatuscomprises disposing a display panel on a substrate; attaching aprotective film, including a first protective film having apolymerizable compound and a second protective film, on one of thesubstrate and the display panel such that the first protective film iscloser to the display panel than the second protective film; irradiatingenergy onto the protective film; and removing the protective film.

In another aspect, a protective film for protecting a display panel,comprises a first protective film; and a second protective film, whereinthe first protective film includes a polymerizable compound having anadhesive strength that changes with energy irradiated onto thepolymerizable compound, and wherein the protective film is configured tohave an adhesive strength of 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch after theenergy is irradiated thereto.

Details of other example embodiments are included in the detaileddescription and the drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description of the present disclosure areexemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the disclosure as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this application, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure andtogether with the description serve to explain the principles of thedisclosure. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a display apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams for describing an example of removing aprotective film in a display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams for describing an example of attaching afunctional layer after removing a protective film in a display panelaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams for describing an example of attaching afunctional layer after removing a protective film in a display panelaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 6A to 6F are diagrams for describing a method of manufacturing adisplay apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating another example of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another example of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating another example of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the presentdisclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be usedthroughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

Advantages and features of the present disclosure, and implementationmethods thereof will be clarified through following embodimentsdescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings. The presentdisclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms and should notbe construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather,these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thoroughand complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosureto those skilled in the art. Further, the present disclosure is onlydefined by scopes of claims.

A shape, a size, a ratio, an angle, and a number disclosed in thedrawings for describing embodiments of the present disclosure are merelyan example, and thus, the present disclosure is not limited to theillustrated details. Like reference numerals refer to like elementsthroughout. In the following description, when the detailed descriptionof the relevant known function or configuration is determined tounnecessarily obscure the important point of the present disclosure, thedetailed description will be omitted. In a case where “comprise,”“have,” and “include” described in the present specification are used,another part may be added unless “only˜” is used. The terms of asingular form may include plural forms unless referred to the contrary.

In construing an element, the element is construed as including an errorrange although there is no explicit description.

In describing a position relationship, for example, when a positionrelation between two parts is described as “on˜,” “over˜,” “under˜,” and“next˜,” one or more other parts may be disposed between the two partsunless “just” or “direct” is used.

In describing a time relationship, for example, when the temporal orderis described as “after˜,” “subsequent˜,” “next˜,” and “before˜,” a casewhich is not continuous may be included unless “just” or “direct” isused.

It will be understood that, although the terms “first,” “second,” etc.may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements shouldnot be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguishone element from another. For example, a first element could be termed asecond element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a firstelement, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Features of various embodiments of the present disclosure may bepartially or overall coupled to or combined with each other, and may bevariously inter-operated with each other and driven technically as thoseskilled in the art can sufficiently understand. The embodiments of thepresent disclosure may be carried out independently from each other, ormay be carried out together in co-dependent relationship.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described indetail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a display apparatus 1000 according toan embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a diagramillustrating an example of the display apparatus 1000 of FIG. 1.

The display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be implemented as various types of display apparatuses.For example, the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may be implemented as a liquid crystal display (LCD)device, an organic light emitting display (OLED) device, anelectrophoretic display device, an electro-wetting display device, aquantum dot display device, a micro light emitting display device, orthe like. Also, the display device according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure may be implemented as a flexible display device, arollable display device, a bendable display device, a foldable displaydevice, a wearable display device, an automotive display device, or thelike.

Hereinafter, an example where the display apparatus is an organic lightemitting display device will be described. However, the displayapparatus is not limited thereto.

The display apparatus 1000 according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure illustrated in FIG. 1 may include a substrate 141 and adisplay panel 140 disposed on the substrate 141. The substrate 141 maybe formed as a substrate including glass having rigidity and a polymerresin or a substrate including a film having flexibility, but is notlimited thereto. The film having flexibility may include, for example,plastic and polyimide, but is not limited thereto.

A display panel 140 for displaying an image may be disposed on thesubstrate 141. A cover window 110 may be disposed on the display panel140. The cover window 110 may protect elements of the display apparatus1000 from an external impact applied to the display apparatus 1000. And,an adhesive 130 may attach the display panel 140 on the cover window110.

An example where the display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure is an organic light emitting display panel will bedescribed with reference to FIG. 2.

An organic light emitting display panel 200 may include a substrate 210,a thin film transistor (TFT) 220, an anode 240, a light emitting part250, and a cathode 260. The organic light emitting display panel 200 mayinclude a plurality of pixels. Each of the plurality of pixels mayinclude a plurality of subpixels. Each of the subpixels may be anelement for displaying an image and may denote a minimum unit area whichactually emits light. Also, a plurality of subpixels may configure aminimum group for displaying white light. For example, three subpixelsmay configure one group, and a red subpixel R, a green subpixel G, and ablue subpixel B may configure one group. And, the organic light emittingdisplay panel 200 may further include a white subpixel in addition tothe red subpixel R, the green subpixel G, and the blue subpixel B.However, the present embodiment is not limited thereto, and varioussubpixels may be designed. In FIG. 2, for convenience of description,one of a plurality of subpixels configuring the organic light emittingdisplay panel 200 is illustrated.

The substrate 210 may be formed of an insulating material for supportingvarious elements of the organic light emitting display panel 200. Thesubstrate 210 may be formed as a substrate including glass havingrigidity, a substrate having a polymer resin, or a substrate including afilm having flexibility, but is not limited thereto. The film havingflexibility may include, for example, plastic and polyimide, but is notlimited thereto.

When the organic light emitting display panel 200 is applied to aflexible organic light emitting display device, the organic lightemitting display panel 200 may be formed of a flexible material, such asplastic or the like. Also, when an organic light emitting device that iseasy readily made flexible is applied to a lighting device for vehiclesor an automotive display device, a degree of design freedom and variousdesigns of the lighting device for vehicles or the automotive displaydevice may be determined based on a structure or an appearance of avehicle.

The organic light emitting display device according to an embodiment ofthe present disclosure may be applied to TVs, mobile devices, tabletpersonal computers (PCs), monitors, notebook or laptop computers,automotive display devices, etc. Alternatively, the organic lightemitting display device according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure may be applied to wearable display devices, foldable displaydevices, rollable display devices, bendable display devices, etc. Also,if the substrate is a flexible substrate, the organic light emittingdisplay device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure maybe applied to flexible display devices, foldable display devices,rollable display devices, bendable display devices, wearable displaydevices, automotive display devices, etc.

A buffer layer 231 for protecting the various elements of the organiclight emitting display panel 200 from water (H₂O) or oxygen (O₂)penetrating from the outside of the substrate 210 may be provided on thesubstrate 210. Also, whether to form the buffer layer 231 may bedetermined based on a kind of the substrate 210 or a kind of the TFT 220applied to the organic light emitting display panel 200. The TFT 220including an active layer 222, a gate electrode 221, a source electrode223, and a drain electrode 224 may be provided on the buffer layer 231.This will be described below in detail.

The active layer 222 may be provided on the substrate 210. The activelayer 222 may be formed of amorphous silicon (a-Si), polycrystallinesilicon (poly-Si), an oxide semiconductor, an organic semiconductor,and/or the like. When the active layer 222 is formed of an oxidesemiconductor, the active layer 222 may be formed of indium tin oxide(ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), orindium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), but the material is not limited to theseexamples.

A gate insulation layer 232 for insulating the active layer 222 from thegate electrode 221 may be provided on the active layer 222. The gateelectrode 221 may act as a switch of the TFT 220. The gate electrode 221may be formed of a conductive metal, for example, copper (Cu), aluminum(Al), molybdenum (Mo), or an alloy thereof, but the material is notlimited to these examples.

The gate insulation layer 232 may not allow a current, flowing in theactive layer 222, to flow to the gate electrode 221. The gate insulationlayer 232 may be formed of a single layer or a multilayer includingsilicon oxide (SiOx) or silicon nitride (SiNx), but is not limitedthereto.

An interlayer insulation layer 233 for insulating the gate electrode 221from the source electrode 223 and the drain electrode 224 may beprovided. The interlayer insulation layer 233 may be formed of a singlelayer or a multilayer including SiOx or SiNx, but the interlayerinsulation layer 223 is not limited thereto.

The source electrode 223 and the drain electrode 224 which contact theactive layer 222 may be provided on the interlayer insulation layer 233.The source electrode 223 and the drain electrode 224 may be electricallyconnected to the active layer 222. The source electrode 223 and thedrain electrode 224 may each be formed of a conductive metal, forexample, a metal material, such as Cu, Al, Mo, or an alloy thereof, butthe materials are not limited thereto.

In the present disclosure, for convenience of description, only adriving TFT 220 connected to the anode 240 among various TFTs includedin the organic light emitting display panel 200 is illustrated. Each ofa plurality of subpixels may further include a switching TFT, acapacitor, and/or the like. Also, in the present specification, anexample where the TFT 220 has a coplanar structure is described, but thepresent embodiment is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, a TFThaving an inverted staggered structure may be used.

A passivation layer 270 and a planarization layer 234 may be provided onthe TFT 220. The passivation layer 270 may be formed of an inorganicmaterial. For example, the passivation layer 270 may be formed of SiOxor SiNx, but other materials may be used.

Moreover, the planarization layer 234 may planarize an upper surface ofthe substrate 210. The planarization layer 234 may be formed of a singlelayer or a multilayer and may be formed of an organic material. Forexample, the planarization layer 234 may be formed of polyimide, acryl,and/or the like. The passivation layer 270 and the planarization layer234 may include a contact hole for electrically connecting the TFT 220to the anode 240, in each subpixel.

The anode 240 may be disposed on the planarization layer 234. The anode240 may be an electrode configured to provide a hole to a light emittinglayer configuring the light emitting part 250. The anode 240 may beelectrically connected to the TFT 220 through the contact hole of eachof the passivation layer 270 and the planarization layer 234, and forexample, may be electrically connected to the source electrode 223 ofthe TFT 220. In FIG. 2, a structure where the anode 240 is connected tothe source electrode 223 of the TFT 220 is illustrated, but the anode240 may be connected to the drain electrode 224 of the TFT 220.

The anode 240 may be provided in each subpixel, and an anode of onesubpixel may be spaced apart from an anode of another subpixel. Theanode 240 may be formed of a transparent conductive material having ahigh work function. Examples of the transparent conductive material mayinclude ITO, IZO, etc.

When the organic light emitting display panel 200 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure is a top emission type, the anode240 may further include a reflective layer so that light emitted from anorganic light emitting layer configuring the light emitting part 250 isreflected by the anode 240 and is more smoothly transferred in an updirection. For example, the anode 240 may have a two-layer structurewhere a transparent conductive layer including a transparent conductivematerial and a reflective layer are sequentially stacked, or may have athree-layer structure where a transparent conductive layer, a reflectivelayer, and a transparent conductive layer are sequentially stacked. Thereflective layer may include silver (Ag) or an alloy including Ag, andfor example, may include Ag or Ag/Pd/Cu (APC).

A bank 235 may be provided on a portion of the anode 240. For example,the bank 235 may be disposed to cover at least a portion of an edge ofthe anode 240 and may expose a portion of a top of the anode 240. Thebank 235 may divide subpixels. That is, the bank 235 may divide pixelseach including a plurality of subpixels. In this case, the bank 235 maycontact the light emitting part 250. The bank 235 may be formed of anorganic material. For example, the bank 235 may be formed of polyimide,acryl, or benzocyclobutene (BCB)-based resin, but the materials are notlimited thereto. And, a spacer may be provided on the bank 235. Thespacer may prevent an organic light emitting device ED from beingdamaged by a fine metal mask (FMM) which is used in a process ofpatterning an organic light emitting layer included in the lightemitting part 250.

The cathode 260 may be disposed on the anode 240. The cathode 260 mayprovide an electron to the organic light emitting layer of the lightemitting part 250. The cathode 260 should provide the electron, andthus, may be formed of a conductive material having a low work function.For example, the cathode 260 may be formed of Ag, titanium (Ti), Al, Mo,magnesium (Mg), Ag:Mg, Mg:LiF, and/or the like. And, the cathode 260 mayinclude at least two or more layers.

Also, when the organic light emitting display panel 200 according to anembodiment of the present disclosure is the top emission type, thecathode 260 may include transparent conductive oxide, such as ITO, IZO,indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or tin oxide (SnO).

The light emitting part 250 may be disposed between the anode 240 andthe cathode 260. Depending on the case, the light emitting part 250 mayinclude various organic layers. For example, the light emitting part 250may include an organic light emitting layer (EML) and at least oneorganic layer. The at least one organic layer may include, for example,a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a holeblocking layer (HBL), an electron injection layer (EIL), an electrontransport layer (ETL), an electron blocking layer (EBL), and a chargegeneration layer (CGL).

And, an encapsulation part 280 may be disposed to cover the organiclight emitting device ED. The encapsulation part 280 may protect theorganic light emitting device ED from particles, water (H₂O), or oxygen(O₂) penetrating from the outside or an external impact.

Moreover, an upper substrate may be further provided on theencapsulation part 280. The upper substrate may be formed of glass, ametal material, or a flexible film including a polyimide-based material.The substrate 210 and the upper substrate may be fixed by theencapsulation part 280.

A process of manufacturing the display apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1may be divided into a process of manufacturing a display panel and aprocess of manufacturing a cover window and the like. In the process ofmanufacturing the display apparatus, a protective film may be attachedon a substrate, a display panel, or a cover window, and then, amanufacturing process may be performed, for protecting the substrate,the display panel, or the cover window. The protective film decreasesparticles, smears, or scratches, which contaminate a surface of thesubstrate, the display panel, or the cover window. And, the protectivefilm may be removed from the substrate, the display panel, or the coverwindow, and then, by bonding the cover window to the display panel, thedisplay apparatus may be finished. Therefore, an example of attachingthe protective film and removing the protective film will be describedbelow with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams for describing an example of removing aprotective film in a display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

With reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B, an upper protective film 110 may bedisposed on a display panel 140, and a lower protective film 120 may bedisposed under a substrate 141. In order to protect the display panel140 or the substrate 141, the upper protective film 110 or the lowerprotective film 120 may be attached on the display panel 140 or thesubstrate 141, and then, a process of manufacturing a display apparatusmay be performed. For example, the process of manufacturing the displayapparatus may be variously performed in a state where the upperprotective film 110 or the lower protective film 120 is attached on thedisplay panel 140 or the substrate 141. And, the upper protective film110 and the lower protective film 120 may be referred to as a protectivefilm.

Moreover, after a protective film is removed, a backplate may beattached on a bottom of the substrate 141, and when one or more of acover window, a touch panel, and a polarizer corresponding to afunctional layer is/are bonded to the display panel 140, the displayapparatus may be finished. The lower protective film 120 may include afirst protective film 121 and a second protective film 122, and theupper protective film 110 may include a third protective film 111 and afourth protective film 112.

FIG. 3A is a diagram for describing an example of removing the lowerprotective film 120 from the substrate 141. The lower protective film120 may be removed, and then, the backplate may be attached on thebottom of the substrate 141.

A range of an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength of the lowerprotective film 120 may vary based on a characteristic or thickness of abase material being protected, and thus, may include various ranges andmay be variable. For example, the adhesiveness or the adhesive strengthof the lower protective film 120 may be 20.0 gf/inch to 300.0 gf/inch.

When the lower protective film 120 is removed from the substrate 141,the lower protective film 120 cannot sufficiently be removed from thesubstrate 141 due to an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength of thefirst protective film 121 included in the lower protective film 120. Forthis reason, if the first protective film 121 is not sufficientlyremoved from the substrate 141, a residual of the first protective film121 remains on a bottom of the substrate 141. In a case of attaching thebackplate on the substrate 141 from which the first protective film 121has been removed, the backplate is not attached on the substrate 141 dueto the residual of the first protective film 121. Moreover, theinventors have recognized that a cathode, which is a layer included inthe display panel 140, is partially detached or lifted when the lowerprotective film 120 is removed from the substrate 141.

FIG. 3B is a diagram for describing an example of removing the upperprotective film 110 from the encapsulation part 280.

A range of an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength of the upperprotective film 110 may vary based on a characteristic or thickness of abase material being protected, and thus, may include various ranges andmay be variable. For example, the adhesiveness or an adhesive strengthof the upper protective film 110 may be 20.0 gf/inch to 300.0 gf/inch.

When the upper protective film 110 is removed from the encapsulationpart 280, layers under the upper protective film 110 should not bepeeled. The upper protective film 110 cannot sufficiently be removedfrom the encapsulation part 280 due to an adhesiveness or an adhesivestrength of the third protective film 111 included in the upperprotective film 110. Therefore, the inventors have recognized that thelayers under the upper protective film 110 are peeled. For example, acathode which is a layer under the upper protective film 110 ispartially detached or lifted.

And, when the upper protective film 110 is removed from the displaypanel 140, the substrate 141 or the backplate attached on the bottom ofthe substrate 141 is damaged, and due to this, the display panel 140 orthe substrate 141 is not protected from an external impact.

Therefore, because the protective film should support a base material(for example, the substrate, the display panel, and the functionallayer) that should be protected during manufacturing of the displayapparatus, the protective film should not be detached or separated fromthe base material. For example, the protective film should have acertain adhesiveness or an adhesive strength to not be detached orseparated from the base material. Therefore, an adhesiveness or anadhesive strength before the protective film is removed should bemaintained, and an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength when theprotective film is removed should be lower than an adhesiveness or anadhesive strength before the protective film is removed, and thus, it isvery difficult to satisfy a range of an adhesiveness or an adhesivestrength of the protective film suitable for the process ofmanufacturing the display apparatus.

Therefore, the inventors have recognized the above-described problemsand have done various experiments for developing a protective film thatmaintains an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength for protecting a basematerial which should be protected in a process of manufacturing adisplay apparatus, and has an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength thatis reduced when removing the protective film from the base materialbeing protected. Through the various experiments, the inventors haveinvented a protective film in which layers configuring a display panelor layers under the protective film are not damaged, and an adhesivenessor an adhesive strength of the protective film is reduced in order for aresidual of the protective film to be reduced when removing theprotective film.

In description below, an upper protective film and a lower protectivefilm may be referred to as a protective film. Also, a first protectivefilm and a third protective film may be referred to as a firstprotective film, and a second protective film and a fourth protectivefilm may be referred to as a second protective film.

An example where a protective film according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure is applied will be described below with reference toFIGS. 4 and 5. FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams for describing an example ofattaching a functional layer after removing a protective film accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIGS. 4A and 5A, a lower protective film 320 includinga first protective film 321 and a second protective film 322 may bedisposed under a substrate 341. Also, the lower protective film 320 mayprotect the substrate 341 during manufacturing of a display panel 340.The substrate 341 may be a polyimide film, but the substrate 341 is notlimited thereto.

The display panel 340 may be provided on the substrate 341 on which thelower protective film 320 is disposed, and an encapsulation part 380 maybe provided on the display panel 340. An upper protective film 310including a third protective film 311 and a fourth protective film 312may be disposed on the encapsulation part 380. Also, the upperprotective film 310 may be disposed on the encapsulation part 380 andmay protect the display panel 340 including the encapsulation part 380in a process of manufacturing a display apparatus. Also, the lowerprotective film 320 including the first protective film 321 and thesecond protective film 322 may be disposed under the substrate 341.Alternatively, the lower protective film 320 may be removed, and abackplate which is a functional layer may be disposed under thesubstrate 341.

And, the first protective film 321 and the third protective film 311 maybe disposed closer adjacent to the display panel 340 than the secondprotective film 322 and the fourth protective film 312.

And, the first protective film 321 and the third protective film 311 mayeach include a polymerizable compound having an adhesiveness or anadhesive strength capable of by varying an applied energy. Thepolymerizable compound may lower a curing degree or a curing rate towhich each of the first protective film 321 and the third protectivefilm 311 is cured, based on ultraviolet light (UV), which is energy,thereby decreasing the adhesiveness or an adhesive strength. Thepolymerizable compound may be, for example, a multi-functional monomer.In comparison with a mono-functional monomer, the adhesiveness or anadhesive strength of the multi-functional monomer is reduced throughenergy irradiation. The mono-functional monomer may be, for example,methyl methacrylate represented by Formula 1, but the material used isnot limited thereto.

And, the multi-functional monomer may be dipentaerylthritol hexaacrylaterepresented by Formula 2, but the material is not limited thereto.

In comparison with the mono-functional monomer, the adhesiveness or anadhesive strength of the multi-functional monomer is reduced throughenergy irradiation. Also, a cross-linking density of themulti-functional monomer is enhanced by a cross-linking reaction whenirradiating energy, and thus, a coupling force or a bonding force in thefirst protective film 321 and the third protective film 311 isstrengthened. For this reason, an adhesiveness or an adhesive strengthbetween each of the first and third protective films 321 and 311 and abase material attached thereon is weakened, and for example, anadhesiveness or an adhesive strength between each of the first and thirdprotective films 321 and 311 and the display panel, the encapsulationpart, or the substrate attached thereon is weakened. Therefore, it iseasy to remove the protective film from the display panel, theencapsulation part, or the substrate, and thus, when removing theprotective film, the residual of the protective film is prevented, orlayers under the protective film or layers configuring the display panelare prevented from being damaged.

Each of the first protective film 321 and the third protective film 311may further include a photo-initiator or an additive. Thephoto-initiator may be added at 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % with respect to 100wt % of a polymerizable compound. For example, the photo-initiator maybe added by 0.1 wt % to 5 wt %. Further, the photo-initiator may be oneamong an acetophenone-based compound, a benzoin ether-based compound, anacryl phosphine oxide-based compound, a benzophenone, a benzylketal-based compound, an α-hydroxyalkylphenone-based compound, and anα-amino acetophenone-based compound, or may include two or morecompounds thereof. The additive may be added by 0.1 wt % to 1 wt % withrespect to 100 wt % of the polymerizable compound. Examples of theadditive may include a cross-linking agent, a UV stabilizer, anantioxidant, a toning agent, a reinforcing agent, a filler, anantifoaming agent, a surfactant, and a plasticizer, but the additive isnot limited thereto.

The polymerizable compound included in each of the first protective filmand the third protective film may be configured to have an adhesivenessor an adhesive strength which is more reduced through energy irradiationthan before irradiating energy. And, the inventors have recognized thatthe protective film should be configured to have an adhesiveness or anadhesive strength which prevents a cathode from being partially detachedor lifted in a process of removing the protective film. An experimentalresult relevant thereto will be described with reference to Table 1.

TABLE 1 Experimental Experimental Experimental Example 1 Example 2Example 3 Adhesiveness 57.0 12.5 6.0 (gf/inch) Partial Detachment 2/200/30 0/15 of cathode

Table 1 shows a result obtained by measuring an adhesiveness or anadhesive strength of the lower protective film and a partial detachmentdefect or a lifting defect of a cathode when a sample is manufacturedwith reference to FIG. 3A for example, and then, the lower protectivefilm is removed. The sample corresponds to an example where the upperprotective film is provided on the encapsulation part, and the lowerprotective film is provided under the encapsulation part.

Using a universal testing machine (UTM), an adhesiveness or an adhesivestrength has been measured through a 180-degree peel test under acondition where a peeling speed is adjusted to 10 mm/sec.

In the experimental example 1, twenty samples have been prepared, athickness of the third protective film 311 of the upper protective filmhas been adjusted to 32 μm, and a thickness of the fourth protectivefilm 312 of the upper protective film has been adjusted to 38 μm. In theexperimental example 2, thirty samples have been prepared, a thicknessof the third protective film 311 has been adjusted to 12 μm, and athickness of the fourth protective film 312 has been adjusted to 38 μm.In the experimental example 3, fifteen samples have been prepared, athickness of the third protective film has been adjusted to 20 μm, and athickness of the fourth protective film has been adjusted to 125 μm. Thethickness of the third protective film 311 and the thickness of thefourth protective film 312 are values for experiments. However, thepresent embodiment is not limited to these examples. The experiments arefor checking an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength that causes apartial detachment defect or a lifting defect of a cathode, and theadhesiveness or the adhesive strength may vary based on the thickness ofthe third protective film and the thickness of the fourth protectivefilm.

In the experimental example 1, the adhesiveness or an adhesive strengthis 57.0 gf/inch, and in this case, the partial detachment defect or thelifting defect of the cathode has been detected from two of the twentysamples. In Table 1, 2/20 denotes the partial detachment defect or thelifting defect of the cathode, 20 denotes the total number of samples,and 2 denotes the number of samples from which the partial detachmentdefect or the lifting defect of the cathode has been detected. Similarto the experiment example 1, the experimental example 2 and theexperimental example 3 are shown.

In the experimental example 2, the adhesiveness or an adhesive strengthis 12.5 gf/inch, and the partial detachment defect or the lifting defectof the cathode has not been detected from all of the thirty samples. Inthe experiment example 3, the adhesiveness or the adhesive strength is6.0 gf/inch, and the partial detachment defect or the lifting defect ofthe cathode has not been detected from all of the fifteen samples.Through the experiments, it can be seen that the adhesiveness or theadhesive strength of the lower protective film should be adjusted to12.5 gf/inch, for preventing the partial detachment defect or thelifting defect of the cathode when removing the lower protective filmfrom the substrate.

And, through the experiments, the inventors have recognized that theadhesiveness or the adhesive strength of the protective film should beadjusted to 3.0 gf/inch or more, in order for the protective film not tobe detached or separated from the substrate. If the adhesiveness or theadhesive strength of the protective film is less than 3.0 gf/inch, theprotective film is detached or separated from the substrate or thefunctional layer in a process of manufacturing a display apparatus withthe protective film attached thereon.

Therefore, the adhesiveness or the adhesive strength of the protectivefilm after irradiating with energy may be within a range of 3.0 gf/inchto 12.5 gf/inch, and thus, the adhesiveness or the adhesive strength ofthe protective film is maintained in order for the protective film notto be detached or separated in the process of manufacturing the displayapparatus. Also, when removing the protective film, the cathode isprevented from being partially detached or lifted, or the functionallayer under the substrate is prevented from being peeled.

And, a wavelength of UV that is energy irradiated onto the first andthird protective films may be 365 nm. The adhesiveness or the adhesivestrength may vary based on an intensity of the irradiated UV. Anirradiation energy of the UV corresponds to a multiplication of anirradiation intensity and an irradiation time, and the adhesiveness orthe adhesive strength may vary based on the irradiation time. Anexperimental result relevant thereto will be described with reference toTable 2.

TABLE 2 Irradiation Time 1 sec 10 sec 15 sec Adhesiveness 3.8 13.2 16.4(gf/inch)

Table 2 shows a result obtained by experimenting on a sample where theencapsulation part is provided on a polyimide film, and then, the thirdprotective film and the fourth protective film included in the upperprotective film are provided on the encapsulation part. A thickness ofthe third protective film is 20 μm, and a thickness of the fourthprotective film is 50 μm. However, the present embodiment is not limitedto the thicknesses. Also, the adhesiveness or an adhesive strength ofthe protective film before irradiating energy has been measured as 70gf/inch. By using the UTM, the adhesiveness or an adhesive strength hasbeen measured through a 180-degree peel test under a condition where apeel-off speed is adjusted to 10 mm/sec.

If an irradiation time for which energy is irradiated onto theprotective film is shortened, a polymerizable compound included in theprotective film is not cured, and thus, the adhesiveness or an adhesivestrength is enhanced. And, if the irradiation time increases, thepolymerizable compound included in the protective film is over-cured,and thus, the adhesiveness or an adhesive strength is enhanced.

As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the adhesiveness or an adhesivestrength of the protective film when the irradiation time is 1 second is3.8 gf/inch, the adhesiveness of the protective film when theirradiation time is 10 seconds is 13.2 gf/inch, and the adhesiveness oran adhesive strength of the protective film when the irradiation time is15 seconds is 16.4 gf/inch. Therefore, it can be shown that theadhesiveness or an adhesive strength is more reduced than 70 gf/inchwhich is the adhesiveness or an adhesive strength before irradiatingenergy. And, it can be shown that the adhesiveness or an adhesivestrength is less in a case, where the irradiation time is 1 sec, than acase where the irradiation time is 10 second or 15 second. Therefore, ifthe irradiation time for which energy is irradiated onto the protectivefilm is 0.1 second to 1 second, the adhesiveness or an adhesive strengthof the protective film is reduced. And, the irradiation intensity or theirradiation time of UV may be adjusted so that the adhesiveness or anadhesive strength of the protective film is within a range of 3.0gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch.

With reference to FIG. 4A, an example is illustrated where the lowerprotective film 320 attached on a bottom of the substrate 341 isremoved. After the display panel 340 is provided on the substrate 341,the lower protective film 320 may be removed. The first protective film321 included in the lower protective film 320 may include apolymerizable compound. And, FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating anexample where a first functional layer 305 is attached on the substrate341 from which the lower protective film 320 has been removed. The firstfunctional layer 305 may be attached on the substrate 341. The firstfunctional layer 305 may be a backplate, but it is not limited thereto.The backplate may be a substrate which supports the display panel 340,and may protect the display panel 340 from an external environment. Thebackplate may have a flat plate shape and may be formed of metal orplastic having good durability to protect the display panel 340 from anexternal impact, but the backplate is not limited thereto. And, thebackplate may be attached on the substrate 341 by an adhesive. Also, aprotective film may be further provided under the backplate. Theprotective film may protect the backplate.

With reference to FIG. 5A, an example of removing the upper protectivefilm 310 attached on the encapsulation part 380 is illustrated. Theprotective film 310 may be removed in a process of attaching afunctional layer on the encapsulation part 380. The third protectivefilm 311 included in the upper protective film 310 may include apolymerizable compound. And, FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating anexample where a second functional layer 302 is attached on theencapsulation part 380 from which the upper protective film 310 has beenremoved. The second functional layer 302 may be attached on theencapsulation part 380 by an adhesive 330. The adhesive 330 may be oneamong an optically clear adhesive (OCA), an optically clear resin (OCR),and a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), but the adhesive 330 is notlimited thereto.

The second functional layer 302 may be one among a cover window, a touchpanel, and a polarizer, or a combination thereof, but is not limited tothese examples. For example, the touch panel may be disposed on theencapsulation part 380, and the polarizer may be disposed on the touchpanel. In this case, the protective film described above with referenceto FIGS. 4 and 5 may be included in the touch panel, for protecting thetouch panel in a process of manufacturing the display panel. Theprotective film attached to the touch panel may be removed, and then,the polarizer may be attached on the encapsulation part 380 by anadhesive. And, the polarizer may be attached on the touch panel. And,the cover window may include the protective film described above withreference to FIGS. 4 and 5. The protective film attached on the coverwindow may be removed, and then, the cover window may be attached on thepolarizer by an adhesive. An example of the display apparatus will bedescribed below with reference to FIGS. 7 to 10.

And, in the display apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure, one among the substrate, the backplate, the polarizer, thecover window, and the touch panel may have flexibility. And, the displaypanel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be oneamong a liquid crystal panel, an organic light emitting display panel, atouch panel, a touch panel disposed on a liquid crystal panel, and atouch panel disposed on an organic light emitting display panel, but isnot limited thereto.

Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according toan embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with referenceto FIGS. 6A to 6F. FIGS. 6A to 6F are diagrams for describing a methodof manufacturing a display apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

First, the method may include a step of disposing a lower protectivefilm 320, including a first protective film 321 including apolymerizable compound and a second protective film 322, under asubstrate 341. The lower protective film 320 may protect the substrate341 in a process of manufacturing a display panel 340. The substrate 341may be a polyimide film, but is not limited thereto.

With reference to FIG. 6A, the method may include a step of disposingthe display panel 340 on the substrate 341 with the lower protectivefilm 320 attached thereon. And, an encapsulation part 380 may be formedon the display panel 340. And, an upper protective film 310 may beattached on the encapsulation part 380. The upper protective film 310may protect the encapsulation part of the display panel 340. The upperprotective film 310 may include a third protective film 311 including apolymerizable compound and a fourth protective film 312.

The second protective film 322 and the fourth protective film 312 mayeach be formed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The secondprotective film 322 and the fourth protective film 312 may each be atemporary protective film (TPF). And, a thickness of each of the secondprotective film 322 and the fourth protective film 312 may be 30 μm to130 μm, but is not limited thereto. And, a thickness of each of thefirst protective film 321 and the third protective film 311 may be 10 μmto 40 μm, but the thickness is not limited thereto. And, the firstprotective film 321 and the third protective film 311 may each include apolymerizable compound. The polymerizable compound may includedipentaerylthritol hexaacrylate which is a multi-functional monomer. Thefirst protective film 321 and the third protective film 311 may eachfurther include a photo-initiator and an additive.

And, the method may include a step of irradiating energy onto one of thelower protective film 320 and the upper protective film 310. FIG. 6Aillustrates a step of irradiating the energy onto the lower protectivefilm 320. The energy may be UV. The UV may have a wavelength of 365 nm,the irradiation energy may be 1,000 mJ/cm², and an irradiation time maybe 1 second or less. Or, the irradiation time may be 0.2 second to 1second. A lamp used to irradiate the energy may be mercury (Hg), metalhalide, or a light emitting diode (LED), and for example, in order toreduce damage of an organic light emitting device, metal halide or anLED may be used. Also, an irradiation intensity or an irradiation timeof UV may be adjusted so that an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength ofthe lower protective film 320 is within a range of 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5gf/inch.

A cross-linking density of a multi-functional monomer included in thefirst protective film 321 is enhanced by a cross-linking reaction whenirradiating UV which is energy, and thus, a coupling force or a bondingforce of the first protective film 321 is strengthened. For this reason,an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength between the substrate 341 andthe first protective film 321 is weakened.

And, the method may include a step of removing the lower protective film320 or the upper protective film 310. FIG. 6B illustrates a step ofremoving the lower protective film 320 from the substrate 341. The stepof removing the lower protective film 320 may include a step where anadhesiveness or an adhesive strength of the lower protective film 320,e.g., an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength of the polymerizablecompound included in the first protective film 321, is reduced by theenergy, and thus, the lower protective film 320 is removed from thesubstrate 341. Therefore, because the adhesiveness or an adhesivestrength of the lower protective film 320 is weakened by the irradiationenergy, the lower protective film 320 may be easily removed from thesubstrate 341. Therefore, a residual, remaining on a bottom of thesubstrate 341 of the first protective film 321 included in the lowerprotective film 320, or a partial detachment defect or a lifting defectof layers, for example, a cathode, configuring the display panel 340 isprevented. Accordingly, a yield ratio of the display apparatus isenhanced.

Subsequently, the method may include a step of attaching a functionallayer on the bottom of the substrate, from which the lower protectivefilm has been removed, or the display panel from which the upperprotective film has been removed. FIG. 6C illustrates a step ofattaching a first functional layer 305 on the substrate 341 from whichthe lower protective film 320 has been removed. And, the firstfunctional layer 305 may be a backplate, but is not limited thereto.And, the backplate may be attached on the substrate 341 by an adhesive.And, a protective film may be further provided under the backplate. Theprotective film may protect a backplate.

With reference to FIG. 6D, the method may include a step of irradiatingenergy onto the upper protective film after attaching the firstfunctional layer 305 on the substrate 341 from which the lowerprotective film 320 has been removed. The energy may be UV. The UV mayhave a wavelength of 365 nm, the irradiation energy may be 1,000 mJ/cm²,and an irradiation time may be 1 second or less. Or, the irradiationtime may be 0.2 seconds to 1 second. A lamp used to irradiate the energymay be mercury (Hg), metal halide, or an LED, and for example, to reducedamage of the organic light emitting device, metal halide or an LED maybe used. And, irradiation intensity or irradiation time of UV may beadjusted so that an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength of the upperprotective film 310 is within a range of 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch.

A cross-linking density of a multi-functional monomer included in thethird protective film 311 is enhanced by a cross-linking reaction whenirradiating UV which is energy, and thus, a coupling force or a bondingforce of the third protective film 311 is strengthened. For this reason,an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength between the encapsulation part380 and the third protective film 311 is weakened.

And, as illustrated in FIG. 6E, the method may include a step ofremoving the upper protective film 310 from the encapsulation part 380.The step of removing the upper protective film 310 may include a stepwhere an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength of the upper protectivefilm 310, e.g., an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength of thepolymerizable compound included in the third protective film 311, isreduced by the energy, and thus, the upper protective film 310 isremoved from the display panel 340. Therefore, because the adhesivenessor an adhesive strength of the upper protective film 310 is weakened bythe irradiation energy, the upper protective film 310 may be easilyremoved from the encapsulation part 380. Therefore, damage of abackplate which is the first functional layer 305 under the substrate341, a partial detachment defect or a lifting defect of layers under theupper protective film 310, or a partial detachment defect or a liftingdefect of layers, for example, a cathode, configuring the display panel340 is prevented. Accordingly, a yield ratio of display apparatus isenhanced.

Subsequently, as illustrated in FIG. 6F, the method may include a stepof attaching the second functional layer 302 on the encapsulation part380 from which the upper protective film 310 has been removed. Thesecond functional layer 302 may be attached on the encapsulation part380 by the adhesive 330. The adhesive 330 may be one among an OCA, anOCR, and a PSA, but is not limited thereto.

The second functional layer 302 may be one among a cover window, a touchpanel, and a polarizer, or a combination thereof, but is not limitedthereto. An example relevant thereto will be described below withreference to FIGS. 7 to 10.

For example, the touch panel may be disposed on the encapsulation part380, and the polarizer may be disposed on the touch panel. In this case,a protective film may be included in the touch panel, for protecting thepolarizer in a process of manufacturing the display panel. The touchpanel may be disposed on the encapsulation part 380 by using anadhesive, and after the protective film attached on the polarizer isremoved, the polarizer may be attached on the touch panel. And, thecover window may be attached on the polarizer by an adhesive.

As another example, the polarizer may be disposed on the encapsulationpart 380. In this case, a protective film may be included in the touchpanel, for protecting the polarizer in a process of manufacturing thedisplay panel. The protective film attached on the polarizer may beremoved, and then, the touch panel may be attached on the polarizer byan adhesive. And, the cover window may be attached on the touch panel byan adhesive.

FIGS. 7 to 10 are diagrams illustrating an example of a displayapparatus where a backplate and/or a functional layer is attachedthrough a final process for the display apparatus after the protectivefilm described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 6F is attached. Aftera process of manufacturing the display apparatus is performed in a statewhere the protective film is attached on a bottom of a substrate, theprotective film may be removed from the substrate, and the backplate maybe attached on the bottom of the substrate through a subsequent process.And, the backplate may be attached on the substrate by an adhesive.Also, when a functional layer is attached on a display panel through asubsequent process in a state where the protective film is attached onthe display panel, the protective film may be removed from the displaypanel, and the functional layer may be attached on the display panelfrom which the protective film has been removed. Through such processes,the display apparatus may be finished.

And, a process of irradiating energy onto the lower protective film andthen irradiating the energy onto the upper protective film has beendescribed in a manufacturing process illustrated in FIGS. 6A to 6F, butthe present embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, a process ofirradiating the energy onto the upper protective film and thenirradiating the energy onto the lower protective film may be performed.A subsequent process may be performed identically description withreference to FIGS. 6B to 6F. As another example, as in FIG. 6A, theenergy may be simultaneously irradiated onto the lower protective filmand the upper protective film, and then, a protective film having a weakadhesiveness or an adhesive strength may be first removed. If anadhesiveness or an adhesive strength of the upper protective film isweaker than that of the lower protective film, the upper protective filmmay be removed prior to the lower protective film, and then, a processof attaching a functional layer on the display panel from which theupper protective film has been removed may be performed. And, after theprocess of attaching the functional layer on the display panel, thelower protective film may be removed, and a process of attaching thefunctional layer on the substrate from which the lower protective filmhas been removed may be performed.

Therefore, the method of manufacturing the display apparatus accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure may include attaching thelower protective film including the first protective film having apolymerizable compound and the second protective film, on the bottom ofthe substrate, disposing the display panel on the substrate, attachingthe upper protective film including the third protective film having apolymerizable compound and the fourth protective film, on the displaypanel, irradiating the energy onto one of the lower protective film andthe upper protective film, removing the lower protective film or theupper protective film, and attaching the functional layer on the bottomof the substrate, from which the lower protective film has been removed,or the display panel from which the upper protective film has beenremoved.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 7, a display panel 740 may be disposed on asubstrate 741, and an encapsulation part 780 may be disposed on thedisplay panel 740. A backplate 705 may be disposed under the substrate741. And, a cover window 720 which is a functional layer may be disposedon the encapsulation part 780 using an adhesive 730. The adhesive 730may be one among an OCA, an OCR, and a PSA, but is not limited thereto.

A protective film described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 6F maybe attached on the substrate 741. The protective film decreasesparticles, smears, or scratches, which contaminate a surface of thesubstrate 741. And, the display panel 740 may be provided on thesubstrate 741, the protective film may be removed from the substrate741, and the backplate 705 may be attached on a bottom of the substrate741. The backplate 705 may be attached on the substrate 741 by anadhesive.

A protective film described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 6F maybe attached on the cover window 720. The protective film decreasesparticles, smears, or scratches, which contaminate a surface of thecover window 720. Also, in a case of attaching a functional layer on thedisplay panel 740, the protective film may be removed from theencapsulation part 780, the protective film may be removed from thecover window 720, and the cover window 720 may be attached on theencapsulation part 780 by the adhesive 730.

The cover window 720 may protect the internal elements of the displayapparatus from an external impact applied to the display apparatus.Also, the cover window 720 may be formed of glass having good rigidityor a film having a flexibility of a material such as plastic which iscapable of thermal molding and has good processability. For example, thecover window 720 may be formed of glass, tempered glass, PET, and/or thelike, but is not limited thereto. Glass or tempered glass may be, forexample, one of sapphire glass and gorilla glass, or may have a junctionstructure thereof.

And, the cover window 720 may be configured to act as a touch panel. Forexample, at least one ITO film including a rear surface on which an ITOelectrode and the like are disposed may be disposed on the cover window720. And, the cover window 720 may be configured as the touch panelwhich generates an electrical signal through an operation where ITOelectrodes of two or more ITO films spaced apart from each other arebrought in contact with each other by pressure applied to surfacesthereof.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating another example of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 8, a display panel 840 may be disposed on asubstrate 841, and an encapsulation part 880 may be disposed on thedisplay panel 840. A backplate 805 may be disposed under the substrate841. And, a polarizer and a touch panel which are functional layers maybe disposed on the encapsulation part 880. For example, a polarizer 870may be disposed on the encapsulation part 880. The polarizer 870 mayprevent external light from being reflected from the display panel 840.And, a touch panel 860 may be disposed on the polarizer 870 using anadhesive 830. The adhesive 830 may be one among an OCA, an OCR, and aPSA, but the adhesive 830 is not limited thereto.

A protective film as described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 6Fmay be attached on the substrate 841. The protective film decreasesparticles, smears, or scratches, which may contaminate a surface of thesubstrate 841. And, the protective film may be removed from thesubstrate 841, and then, the backplate 805 may be attached on a bottomof the substrate 841. The backplate 805 may be attached on the substrate841 by an adhesive.

A protective film described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 6F maybe attached on the touch panel 860. The protective film decreasesparticles, smears, or scratches, which contaminate a surface of thetouch panel 860. And, the protective film may be removed from the touchpanel 860, and then, the touch panel 860 may be attached on thepolarizer 870 by the adhesive 830.

And, the touch panel 860 may be one among an electrostatic capacitivetype, a resistive type, an electro-magnetic type, a saw type, and aninfrared type. And, in the touch panel 860, a touch electrode may beprovided on a substrate including glass having rigidity, or may beprovided on a film having flexibility. And, the substrate 841, thepolarizer 870, and the touch panel 860 may each be formed of a filmhaving flexibility.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another example of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 9, a display panel 940 may be disposed on asubstrate 941, and an encapsulation part 980 may be disposed on thedisplay panel 940. A backplate 905 may be disposed under the substrate941. And, a touch panel, a polarizer, and a cover window which arefunctional layers may be disposed on the encapsulation part 980.

For example, a touch panel 960 may be disposed on the encapsulation part980. The touch panel 960 may be provided on the encapsulation part 980as a touch on encapsulation (ToE) structure. The touch panel 960 may bedisposed on the encapsulation part 980 using a first adhesive 930. And,a polarizer 970 may be disposed on the touch panel 960. A cover window920 may be disposed on the polarizer 970 using a second adhesive 931.Each of the first and second adhesives 930 and 931 may be one among anOCA, an OCR, and a PSA, but is not limited thereto.

A protective film as described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 6Fmay be attached on the substrate 941. The protective film decreasesparticles, smears, or scratches, which may contaminate a surface of thesubstrate 941. And, the protective film may be removed from thesubstrate 941, and then, the backplate 905 may be attached on a bottomof the substrate 941. The backplate 905 may be attached on the substrate941 by an adhesive.

A protective film as described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 6Fmay be attached on the touch panel 960. The protective film decreasesparticles, smears, or scratches, which may contaminate a surface of thetouch panel 960. And, the protective film may be removed from the touchpanel 960, and then, the touch panel 960 may be attached on theencapsulation part 980 by the first adhesive 930.

And, a protective film as described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to6F may be attached on the cover window 920. The protective filmdecreases particles, smears, or scratches, which may contaminate asurface of the cover window 920. And, the protective film may be removedfrom the cover window 920, and the cover window 920 may be attached onthe polarizer 970 by the second adhesive 931.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating another example of a display apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 10, a display panel 1040 may be disposed on asubstrate 1041, and an encapsulation part 1080 may be disposed on thedisplay panel 1040. A backplate 1005 may be disposed under the substrate1041. And, a polarizer, a touch panel, and a cover window which arefunctional layers may be disposed on the encapsulation part 1080.

For example, a polarizer 1070 may be disposed on the encapsulation part1080. And, a touch panel 1060 may be disposed on the polarizer 1070using a first adhesive 1030. And, a cover window 1020 may be disposed onthe touch panel 1060 using a second adhesive 1031. Each of the first andsecond adhesives 1030 and 1031 may be one among an OCA, an OCR, and aPSA, but the materials are not limited thereto.

A protective film as described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 6Fmay be attached on the substrate 1041. The protective film decreasesparticles, smears, or scratches, which may contaminate a surface of thesubstrate 1041. And, the protective film may be removed from thesubstrate 1041, and then, the backplate 1005 may be attached on a bottomof the substrate 1041. The backplate 1005 may be attached on thesubstrate 1041 using an adhesive.

A protective film described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 6F maybe attached on the touch panel 1060. The protective film decreasesparticles, smears, or scratches, which may contaminate a surface of thetouch panel 1060. And, the protective film may be removed from the touchpanel 1060, and then, the touch panel 1060 may be attached on thepolarizer 1070 by the first adhesive 1030.

And, a protective film described above with reference to FIGS. 4A to 6Fmay be attached on the cover window 1020. The protective film decreasesparticles, smears, or scratches, which contaminate a surface of thecover window 1020. And, the protective film may be removed from thecover window 1020, and the cover window 1020 may be attached on thetouch panel 1060 using the second adhesive 1031.

And, the cover window or the touch panel described above with referenceto FIGS. 7 and 8 may be identically applied to the embodiments of FIGS.9 and 10.

A display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosurecomprises a display panel on a substrate, a functional layer on thesubstrate or the display panel, and a protective film protecting thesubstrate or the display panel, wherein the protective film includes afirst protective film and a second protective film, the first protectivefilm is disposed more adjacent to the display panel than the secondprotective film, and the first protective film includes a polymerizablecompound having an adhesiveness which changes by energy.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theadhesiveness of the first protective film may vary by ultraviolet light.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, thepolymerizable compound may include a multi-functional monomer.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, anadhesiveness of the protective film after irradiating the energy may be3.0 gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, thefunctional layer may include at least one among a backplate, apolarizer, a cover window, and a touch panel.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, at leastone among the substrate, the backplate, the polarizer, the cover window,and the touch panel may have flexibility.

A method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to an embodimentof the present disclosure comprises attaching a lower protective film,including a first protective film including a polymerizable compound anda second protective film, on a bottom of a substrate, disposing adisplay panel on the substrate, attaching an upper protective film,including a third protective film including a polymerizable compound anda fourth protective film, on the display panel, irradiating energy ontothe lower protective film, removing the lower protective film, andattaching a functional layer on the bottom of the substrate from whichthe lower protective film has been removed.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theirradiating of the energy may include irradiating ultraviolet light ontothe lower protective film for an irradiation time of 1 second or less.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theremoving of the lower protective film may include removing the lowerprotective film from the substrate by reducing an adhesiveness of thelower protective film using a cross-linking reaction of thepolymerizable compound based on the energy.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theadhesiveness of the lower protective film after irradiating the energymay be 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theattaching of the functional layer may include attaching a backplate onthe bottom of the substrate.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, themethod may further include, after the attaching of the functional layeron the bottom of the substrate, irradiating the energy onto the upperprotective film, removing the upper protective film, and attachinganother functional layer on the display panel from which the upperprotective film has been removed.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theremoving of the upper protective film may include removing the upperprotective film from the display panel by reducing an adhesiveness ofthe upper protective film by using a cross-linking reaction of thepolymerizable compound based on the energy.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theadhesiveness of the upper protective film after irradiating the energymay be 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theattaching of the other functional layer on the display panel may includeattaching a cover window on the display panel using an adhesive.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theattaching of the other functional layer on the display panel may includeattaching a polarizer on the display panel and attaching a touch panelon the polarizer using an adhesive.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theattaching of the other functional layer on the display panel may includeattaching a touch panel on the display panel using a first adhesive,attaching a polarizer on the display panel, and attaching a cover windowon the polarizer using a second adhesive.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theattaching of the other functional layer on the display panel may includeattaching a polarizer on the display panel, attaching a touch panel onthe polarizer using a first adhesive, and attaching a cover window onthe touch panel using a second adhesive.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, thedisplay panel may be one of a liquid crystal panel, an organic lightemitting display panel, a touch panel, a touch panel on a liquid crystalpanel, and a touch panel on an organic light emitting display panel.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, thepolymerizable compound may include a multi-functional monomer.

A method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to an embodimentof the present disclosure includes attaching a lower protective film,including a first protective film including a polymerizable compound anda second protective film, on a bottom of a substrate, disposing adisplay panel on the substrate, attaching an upper protective film,including a third protective film including a polymerizable compound anda fourth protective film, on the display panel, irradiating energy ontoone of the lower protective film or the upper protective film, removingone of the lower protective film or the upper protective film, andattaching a functional layer on the bottom of the substrate, from whichthe lower protective film has been removed, or the display panel fromwhich the upper protective film has been removed.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theadhesiveness of the upper protective film or the lower protective filmafter irradiating the energy may be 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theattaching of the functional layer on the display panel may includeattaching a cover window on the display panel using an adhesive.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theattaching of the functional layer on the display panel may includeattaching a polarizer on the display panel and attaching a touch panelon the polarizer using an adhesive.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theattaching of the functional layer on the display panel may includeattaching a touch panel on the display panel using a first adhesive,attaching a polarizer on the display panel, and attaching a cover windowon the polarizer using a second adhesive.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, theattaching of the functional layer on the display panel may includeattaching a polarizer on the display panel, attaching a touch panel onthe polarizer using a first adhesive, and attaching a cover window onthe touch panel using a second adhesive.

As described above, according to the embodiments of the presentdisclosure, the protective film including the polymerizable compound maybe manufactured, the protective film for protecting the display panel orthe functional layer may maintain an adhesiveness or an adhesivestrength in a process of manufacturing the display apparatus, and theadhesiveness or an adhesive strength of the protective film may bereduced by irradiation energy. Accordingly, the protective film forprotecting the display panel or the functional layer may be easilyremoved in a process of removing the protective film that protects thedisplay panel or the functional layer.

And, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, theprotective film including the polymerizable compound may be manufacturedto have an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength which is reduced byirradiation energy, and thus, damage of the layers configuring thedisplay apparatus is prevented in a process of removing the protectivefilm which protects the display panel or the functional layer.

And, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, since theprotective film including the polymerizable compound is manufactured tohave an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength which is reduced byirradiation energy, damage of the functional layer or the layersconfiguring the display apparatus is prevented in a process of removingthe protective film which protects the display panel or the functionallayer, thereby providing display apparatuses in which a yield ratio isenhanced.

And, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, since theprotective film including the polymerizable compound is manufactured tohave an adhesiveness or an adhesive strength which is reduced byirradiating energy, the adhesiveness or an adhesive strength of theprotective film may be maintained in a process of manufacturing thedisplay apparatus, and thus, the protective film is prevented from beingdetached or separated from the display panel or the functional layer.Also, damage of the functional layer or the layers configuring thedisplay apparatus is prevented in a process of removing the protectivefilm which protects the display panel or the functional layer.

And, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, since theprotective film including the polymerizable compound is manufactured,the residual of the protective film remaining in the display panel orthe functional layer is prevented in a process of removing theprotective film which protects the display panel or the functionallayer.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatuscomprises a substrate; a display panel on the substrate; and aprotective film protecting one of the substrate and the display panel,wherein the protective film includes a first protective film and asecond protective film, wherein the first protective film is disposedcloser to the display panel than the second protective film, and whereinthe first protective film includes a polymerizable compound having anadhesive strength that changes with energy irradiated onto thepolymerizable compound.

According to one or more embodiments, the adhesive strength of the firstprotective film changes with ultraviolet light applied thereto.

According to one or more embodiments, the polymerizable compoundincludes a multi-functional monomer.

According to one or more embodiments, the first protective film isconfigured to have an adhesive strength of 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inchafter the energy is irradiated thereto.

According to one or more embodiments, the substrate is flexible.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method ofmanufacturing a display apparatus comprises disposing a display panel ona substrate; attaching a protective film, including a first protectivefilm having a polymerizable compound and a second protective film, onone of the substrate and the display panel such that the firstprotective film is closer to the display panel than the secondprotective film; irradiating energy onto the protective film; andremoving the protective film.

According to one or more embodiments, the irradiating of the energyincludes irradiating ultraviolet light onto the protective film for anirradiation time of 1 second or less.

According to one or more embodiments, the removing of the protectivefilm includes removing the protective film by reducing an adhesivestrength of the protective film using a cross-linking reaction of thepolymerizable compound in response to the energy irradiated onto theprotective film.

According to one or more embodiments, the protective film is configuredto have an adhesive strength of 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch after theenergy is irradiated onto the protective film.

According to one or more embodiments, the method further comprisesattaching an upper protective film including a third protective filmhaving a polymerizable compound and a fourth protective film on thedisplay panel, wherein the protective film having the first and secondprotective films is a lower protective film attached to a bottom of thesubstrate, and attaching a functional layer on the bottom of thesubstrate from which the lower protective film has been removed.

According to one or more embodiments, the attaching of the functionallayer includes attaching a backplate to the bottom of the substrate.

According to one or more embodiments, the method further comprisesirradiating energy onto the upper protective film after the attaching ofthe functional layer on the bottom of the substrate; removing the upperprotective film; and attaching another functional layer on the displaypanel from which the upper protective film has been removed.

According to one or more embodiments, the attaching of the otherfunctional layer on the display panel includes attaching a cover windowon the display panel using an adhesive.

According to one or more embodiments, the attaching of the otherfunctional layer on the display panel includes: attaching a polarizer tothe display panel; and attaching a touch panel to the polarizer using anadhesive.

According to one or more embodiments, the attaching of the otherfunctional layer on the display panel includes: attaching a touch panelto the display panel using a first adhesive; attaching a polarizer tothe touch panel; and attaching a cover window to the polarizer using asecond adhesive.

According to one or more embodiments, the attaching of the otherfunctional layer on the display panel includes: attaching a polarizer tothe display panel; attaching a touch panel to the polarizer using afirst adhesive; and attaching a cover window to the touch panel using asecond adhesive.

According to one or more embodiments, the display panel is one of aliquid crystal panel, an organic light emitting display panel, a touchpanel, a touch panel on a liquid crystal panel, and a touch panel on anorganic light emitting display panel.

According to one or more embodiments, the polymerizable compoundincludes a multi-functional monomer.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a protective filmfor protecting a display panel comprises a first protective film; and asecond protective film, wherein the first protective film includes apolymerizable compound having an adhesive strength that changes withenergy irradiated onto the polymerizable compound, and wherein theprotective film is configured to have an adhesive strength of 3.0gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch after the energy is irradiated thereto.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made in the display apparatus andmethod of manufacturing the same of the present disclosure withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope of the disclosures. Thus, it isintended that the present disclosure covers the modifications andvariations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of theappended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus, comprising: a substrate; a displaypanel on the substrate; and a protective film protecting one of thesubstrate and the display panel, wherein the protective film includes afirst protective film and a second protective film, wherein the firstprotective film is disposed closer to the display panel than the secondprotective film, and wherein the first protective film includes apolymerizable compound having an adhesive strength that changes withenergy irradiated onto the polymerizable compound.
 2. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the adhesive strength of the first protective filmchanges with ultraviolet light applied thereto.
 3. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the polymerizable compound includes a multi-functionalmonomer.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first protective filmis configured to have an adhesive strength of 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5gf/inch after the energy is irradiated thereto.
 5. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the substrate is flexible.
 6. A method of manufacturinga display apparatus, the method comprising: disposing a display panel ona substrate; attaching a protective film, including a first protectivefilm having a polymerizable compound and a second protective film, onone of the substrate and the display panel such that the firstprotective film is closer to the display panel than the secondprotective film; irradiating energy onto the protective film; andremoving the protective film.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein theirradiating of the energy includes irradiating ultraviolet light ontothe protective film for an irradiation time of 1 second or less.
 8. Themethod of claim 6, wherein the removing of the protective film includesremoving the protective film by reducing an adhesive strength of theprotective film using a cross-linking reaction of the polymerizablecompound in response to the energy irradiated onto the protective film.9. The method of claim 8, wherein the protective film is configured tohave an adhesive strength of 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch after theenergy is irradiated onto the protective film.
 10. The method of claim6, further comprising: attaching an upper protective film including athird protective film having a polymerizable compound and a fourthprotective film on the display panel, wherein the protective film havingthe first and second protective films is a lower protective filmattached to a bottom of the substrate, and attaching a functional layeron the bottom of the substrate from which the lower protective film hasbeen removed.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the attaching of thefunctional layer includes attaching a backplate to the bottom of thesubstrate.
 12. The method of claim 10, further comprising: after theattaching of the functional layer on the bottom of the substrate,irradiating energy onto the upper protective film; removing the upperprotective film; and attaching another functional layer on the displaypanel from which the upper protective film has been removed.
 13. Themethod of claim 12, wherein the attaching of the another functionallayer on the display panel includes attaching a cover window to thedisplay panel using an adhesive.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein theattaching of the another functional layer on the display panel includes:attaching a polarizer to the display panel; and attaching a touch panelto the polarizer using an adhesive.
 15. The method of claim 12, whereinthe attaching of the another functional layer on the display panelincludes: attaching a touch panel to the display panel using a firstadhesive; attaching a polarizer to the touch panel; and attaching acover window to the polarizer using a second adhesive.
 16. The method ofclaim 12, wherein the attaching of the another functional layer on thedisplay panel includes: attaching a polarizer to the display panel;attaching a touch panel to the polarizer using a first adhesive; andattaching a cover window to the touch panel using a second adhesive. 17.The method of claim 6, wherein the display panel is one of a liquidcrystal panel, an organic light emitting display panel, a touch panel, atouch panel on a liquid crystal panel, and a touch panel on an organiclight emitting display panel.
 18. The method of claim 6, wherein thepolymerizable compound includes a multi-functional monomer.
 19. Aprotective film for protecting a display panel, comprising: a firstprotective film; and a second protective film, wherein the firstprotective film includes a polymerizable compound having an adhesivestrength that changes with energy irradiated onto the polymerizablecompound, and wherein the protective film is configured to have anadhesive strength of 3.0 gf/inch to 12.5 gf/inch after the energy isirradiated thereto.
 20. The protective claim of claim 19, wherein thepolymerizable compound includes a multi-functional monomer.